the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Assess arsenic distribution in groundwater applying GIS in capital of Punjab, Pakistan
Abstract. Arsenic contamination of groundwater resources threatens the health of millions of people worldwide, particularly in the densely populated river deltas of Southeast Asia. Arsenic causes health concerns due to its significant toxicity and worldwide presence in portable water. The major sources of arsenic pollution may be natural process such as dissolution of arsenic containing minerals and anthropogenic activities. Lahore is groundwater dependent city, arsenic contamination is a major issue of portable water and has recently been most environmental health management issue especially in the plain region, where population density is very high. GIS was used in this study for visualizing distribution of arsenic groundwater concentration through geostatistics analysis technique, and exposure risk zones for two years (2010 and 2012). Town's data was compared and concentration variation evaluated. ANOVA test was also applied to compare concentration between cities and years. Arsenic concentrations widely range 7.3–67.8 and 5.2–69.3 μg L−1 in 2010 and 2012, respectively. Over 71% area is represented arsenic concentration range from 20 to 30 μg L−1 in both analyzed years. However, in 2012 arsenic concentration over 40 μg L−1 has covered 7.6% area of Data Gunjbuksh and 8.1% of Ravi Town, while over 90% area of Allama Iqbal, Aziz Bhatti and Samanabad Town contain arsenic concentration between 20–30 μg L−1. ANOVA test depicts concentration probability less than 0.05, while differences were detected among towns. In light of current results, it needs urgent step to ensure groundwater protection and preservation for future.
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RC C569: 'General Comments and specific observations', Anonymous Referee #1, 03 May 2015
- AC C812: 'Response Letter on Referee comments', Malik Muhammad Akhtar, 28 May 2015
- RC C884: 'General comments on NHESS-2014-352', Anonymous Referee #2, 03 Jun 2015
- EC C923: 'Editorial Decision', Fausto Guzzetti, 08 Jun 2015
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RC C569: 'General Comments and specific observations', Anonymous Referee #1, 03 May 2015
- AC C812: 'Response Letter on Referee comments', Malik Muhammad Akhtar, 28 May 2015
- RC C884: 'General comments on NHESS-2014-352', Anonymous Referee #2, 03 Jun 2015
- EC C923: 'Editorial Decision', Fausto Guzzetti, 08 Jun 2015
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Cited
6 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Exploring association and forecasting of evapotranspiration based on meteorological factors over megacity Lahore (Pakistan) and central place of Indo-Gangetic Basin U. Waris et al. 10.1007/s10668-023-03471-y
- Water Demand Estimation in Service Areas with Limited Numbers of Customer Meters—Case Study in Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) Lahore, Pakistan M. Abbas et al. 10.3390/w14142197
- Using geographical information systems to assess groundwater contamination from arsenic and related diseases based on survey data in Lahore, Pakistan M. Imran et al. 10.1007/s12517-017-3212-9
- A meta-analysis of the distribution, sources and health risks of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in Pakistan M. Shahid et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.083
- Evaluation of the factors affecting arsenic distribution using geospatial analysis techniques in Dongting Plain, China A. Malik Muhammad et al. 10.3389/fenvs.2022.1024220
- Particulate matter (PM2.5) and diseases: an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique F. Qayyum et al. 10.1007/s11356-021-15178-6